{"id":2317,"date":"2024-03-05T14:25:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T20:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/?p=2317"},"modified":"2024-03-09T00:19:37","modified_gmt":"2024-03-09T06:19:37","slug":"firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Firefighter Shift Schedules and Working Hours Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Most aspiring firefighters want to know what being a firefighter is like, with questions such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>How do firefighter shifts work?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How many hours do firefighters work?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the shift schedules?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several different firefighter shift schedules, and it varies largely by department. Let&#8217;s talk through them, with the caveat that you can also check in with your local department to see what they do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>So, how many hours do firefighters actually work?&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Almost all fire departments operate a 24-hour rotation.&nbsp; This means firefighters are almost always working 24 hours at a time.&nbsp; Depending on the department they may schedule their crews in various ways including the traditional 24 hours on, 48 hours off. This is commonly referred to as working \u201c24-48.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is the preconception about firefighters that they are\nalways on call and that the job is nothing like a typical 9-5. This is fair\nbecause no firefighter is clocking-out at 5 pm to join other commuters and head\nhome. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, most civilians don\u2019t actually appreciate the amount of structure that goes into the different firefighter shift schedules at a department.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Every crew has specific times when they are on-duty and\noff-duty. This schedule can vary depending on the state and local policies.\nThere are also strict rules on time off, overtime and more. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, if you\u2019re hoping to join the service make sure you know what you are signing up for. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, I want to go into further detail about the\ndifferent schedules that exist in the fire service. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>How many hours do firefighters work? <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>How long is the average shift and how many hours do firefighters typically work per week? <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I will also discuss how firefighter shift schedules impact station duties, sick leave and Kelly Days. (You can learn more in my post <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/what-is-a-kelly-day-explained-by-a-firefighter\/\">What is a Kelly Day?<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, I want to talk about what happens if there is a\nmajor incident while a firefighter is off-duty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The more that you understand about the structure of the\nschedule, the better prepared you will be if you become a firefighter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fire stations are incredibly busy places that require a lot\nof man-hours. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Every full-time fire station in the US should have personnel <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/12-things-firefighters-do-every-day-when-not-fighting-fires\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"on-duty at all times (opens in a new tab)\">on-duty at all times<\/a> \u2013 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and on all major holidays. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The simple reason for this is that there has to be a crew\nready to respond to an incident at a moment\u2019s notice. If there is a major car\naccident in the area, a house fire or an industrial emergency, crews must be available\nASAP. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This means that there are different options available when it comes to shift patterns. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-660caea46feec\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-660caea46feec\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/#How_many_hours_do_firefighters_work_at_the_fire_station\" title=\"How many hours do\nfirefighters work at the fire station? \">How many hours do\nfirefighters work at the fire station? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/#24-hour_shifts_for_firefighters\" title=\"24-hour shifts for firefighters \">24-hour shifts for firefighters <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/#What_Is_The_California_Swing_Shift\" title=\"What Is The California Swing Shift?\">What Is The California Swing Shift?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/#How_much_time_off_do_firefighters_get\" title=\"How much time off do\nfirefighters get? \">How much time off do\nfirefighters get? <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/#What_is_a_Kelly_Day\" title=\"What is a Kelly Day?\">What is a Kelly Day?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/#Overtime_in_the_fire_service\" title=\"Overtime in the fire service.\">Overtime in the fire service.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/#Stand-by_time_as_a_firefighter\" title=\"Stand-by time as a firefighter.\">Stand-by time as a firefighter.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_many_hours_do_firefighters_work_at_the_fire_station\"><\/span><strong>How many hours do\nfirefighters work at the fire station? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is difficult to define a typical shift or the most\nrecommended approach because opinions vary. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some stations like to use 24-hour shifts where one crew stays at the station for the whole day. Others prefer to delegate 12-hour shifts instead. City Managers and <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"fire chiefs (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-chief-interview\/\" target=\"_blank\">fire chiefs<\/a> will still debate which is the best option because of the effect on their staffing, response times and their budgets. <br> <br> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"24-hour_shifts_for_firefighters\"><\/span><strong>24-hour shifts for firefighters <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On the plus side, a 24-hour shift means that the same crew\nmembers can handle checks, duties, operations and paperwork through the day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no risk of messages being lost in translation\nduring the changeover. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is plenty of time to write all the reports, carry out\ntasks and find time to train and study at the station. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is also the fact that some incidents can take a long\ntime to get under control. A large fire requires care, patience and many hours\nof work. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No crew wants to rush a job to be back at the station for\nthe next shift change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stations that regularly deal with major incidents with lots\nof equipment may prefer the 24-hour approach. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, 24-hour periods can be emotionally and physically\ndraining. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A firefighter may not be as sharp and have the same reaction\ntimes on hour 22 as hour 5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One way departments combat this is to include \u201csleep time\u201d\ninto the 24-hour schedule. The shift officers let firefighters take up to 8\nhours out of this working period as long as they provide appropriate sleeping\narrangements at the station. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crew members need to be aware that if they work for any of\nthose hours instead, they must be paid for that work at their regular hourly rate.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, the 24-hour shift schedule means that crew members\nhave to work every third or fourth day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I will talk more about the days off in between shifts below.\nThis strict policy means that many crew members face having to work all Sunday\nor all the way through major religious holidays. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one of the sacrifices that are a part of the job. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An alternative option for some fire departments are the\n12-hour shift.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another shift example sees firefighters working 12-hour\nshifts for 4 days and taking 4 days off duty. This results in roughly the same number\nof working hours per week, with more frequent breaks between shifts and a long\ntime off-duty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some stations like this approach because they can adjust the\nnumber of crew members on duty for each 12-hour block. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peak periods when the majority of the city is awake require\nmore hands on deck. There are more risks of accidents and fires between 8 am\nand 8 pm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These shorter shifts can also minimize that risk that firefighter will develop fatigue while on-duty and compromise their work. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regardless of whether it\u2019s 12 or 24 hour shifts all fire\ndepartments will have a particular schedule pattern that they prefer and will\nrefer to it by ratio. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some use the 24\/48 shift mentioned above, with 24 hours on\nand 48 off, or the 12\/12 shift. Others extend the time to 24\/72 for a longer\nperiod off or even 48\/96 to keep firefighters on site for longer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_The_California_Swing_Shift\"><\/span><strong>What Is The California Swing Shift?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Originally developed by the large departments in California,\nthe California swing shift is a slightly different take on the 24-hour\nschedule. &nbsp;This means firefighters will\nbe on duty for 24 hours at a time, every other day, for 5 days.&nbsp; After the 5 day \u2018tour\u2019 is complete they will\nbe off for 96 hours (4 days).&nbsp; Then the\nschedule repeats.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More simply, 24 on, 24 off, 24 on, 24 off 24 on, 96 off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I personally work at a department that uses the California\nswing shift and I love it.&nbsp; I used to\nwork for another department that used the traditional 24\/48 schedule and I\nthink the California swing shift is far superior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another, less common but similar, schedule pattern is the\n48\/96.&nbsp; Firefighters are on duty for 48\nhours then off for 4 days.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_much_time_off_do_firefighters_get\"><\/span><strong>How much time off do\nfirefighters get? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The working week of a firefighter can depend on different\ncircumstances of their employment contract with the city\/district. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typically, those that work 24-hour shifts do so for anywhere\nbetween 48-52 hours per week. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The average on the 12-hour schedule is 42.46 hours a week because\nit is an 8-day block. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One 24-hour period is often followed by a block of 48 hours or 72 hours off. Those on 12-hour shifts get 4 days in a row. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This can be great for firefighters that want to spend more\ntime with their families or work on side projects. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the unpaid sleep breaks mentioned above, there is also an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/whd\/flsa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"FLSA (opens in a new tab)\">FLSA<\/a> ruling where firefighters can take an unpaid, uninterrupted meal break. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If staff work through this break they are entitled to their\npay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Kelly_Day\"><\/span><strong>What is a Kelly Day?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelly Days are mandatory days off within a firefighter\u2019s\nschedule. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency of these days can depend on the policy of the\nstation or the type of schedule members are on. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This could mean one Kelly Day per week or once every 10 days. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s also important to note that if you are a volunteer or <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/what-is-a-reserve-firefighter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"reserve firefighter (opens in a new tab)\">reserve firefighter<\/a> you will probably not be eligible for Kelly Days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another interesting variant here is that some are paid, and\nothers are unpaid. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firefighters on a salary often receive paid Kelly Days and\nthose on hourly rates don\u2019t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The strange name comes from the former mayor of Chicago,\nEdward J. Kelly, who implemented the idea for firefighters in the city in 1936.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overtime_in_the_fire_service\"><\/span><strong>Overtime in the fire service<\/strong>.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These Kelly Days play an important role in firefighter shift schedules because not only do they offer an extra break for firefighters, they also help with overtime regulations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Federal law on firefighter employment states that\nfirefighters can work for 53 hours a week before they are entitled to overtime\npay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regular Kelly Days limit the number of times that this can\nmathematically occur across the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, it is a great way for the department to save\nmoney. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overtime payments are an issue in the fire service because\nsome departments struggle to budget for them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One recent example is the Los Angeles County Fire\nDepartment. They saw an increase of 36% with over 640 members gaining $100,000\nin payments in 2017. This is significantly more than the LA police or medical\nstaff. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, the LA department faced accusations of\nstruggling to manage its budget or schedule staff effectively. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stand-by_time_as_a_firefighter\"><\/span><strong>Stand-by time as a firefighter.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Some may argue that firefighters are always on duty and\nalways working. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some crew members can be on call in case they are needed for\nan incident. Being available for active duty and working a shift are not the\nsame thing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If firefighters are on call and don\u2019t do anything that could\nbe regarded as a duty, they aren\u2019t entitled to pay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If they do help out with other duties while on call, they can receive compensation through overtime pay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that you know this you may be asking how many hours do\n<a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/how-much-do-firefighters-really-work\/\">firefighter work<\/a> on average with all this in mind?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There really is no strict average as each department will be\nslightly different. All of these points about the schedules, working hours,\ndays off and pay conditions can vary between different departments. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the end, those in charge of the department need to create\nemployment policies that are effective for all firefighters. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This means providing the right amount of coverage and\nmanning at the right times. It also means considering the best interests of\npersonnel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Departments can alter the ratio of staff on 12 or 24-hour shifts in their station, the downtime between and other aspects of the firefighter shift schedule. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, I want to make it clear to recruits that they need\nto understand their contract. Talk to firefighters, chiefs and city managers\nabout the conditions of the schedule and expectations over the number of hours\nworked. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understand what you are signing up for regarding time off,\nKelly Days, overtime pay and other factors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, make sure that stations don\u2019t take\nadvantage and you are paid for your time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The different firefighter shift schedules have their pros and cons. They can be tough and long when on-duty, but they also create plenty of time with loved ones when off-duty. <\/p>\n\n\n                <div class=\"ml-embedded\" data-form=\"d7ViWE\"><\/div>\n            \n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Other Common Questions:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Do firefighters sleep at night?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, depending on how busy your station is <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/do-firefighters-sleep-at-the-station\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">you may sleep through the night<\/a>.  However, don&#8217;t be surprised if you are awake multiple times during the evening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Do firefighters get vacation days?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, in addition to scheduled time off and Kelly Days, <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/do-firefighters-get-vacation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">firefighters also earn vacation days<\/a> and sick time.  How much vacation time depends on the department policies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most aspiring firefighters want to know what being a firefighter is like, with questions such as: There &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Firefighter Shift Schedules and Working Hours Explained\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/firefighter-shift-schedules-and-working-hours-explained\/#more-2317\" aria-label=\"Read more about Firefighter Shift Schedules and Working Hours Explained\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Firefighter Shift Schedules and Working Hours Explained<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Most aspiring firefighters want to know what being a firefighter is like, with questions such as: How do firefighter shifts work? 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