{"id":502973,"date":"2021-02-23T17:50:06","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T17:50:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/?p=502973"},"modified":"2021-02-25T14:22:43","modified_gmt":"2021-02-25T14:22:43","slug":"fire-hydrant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-hydrant\/","title":{"rendered":"A Comprehensive Guide to Fire Hydrants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When taking a stroll through your neighborhood, you\u2019re bound to see one sooner or later. We\u2019re talking, of course, about fire hydrants. Your dog loves them, but you\u2019re more curious about them than anything. How do fire hydrants work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fire hydrants provide an instant water supply to firefighters, as underground, the hydrant is connected to a series of pipes. These pipes lead to the water supply main. To use the fire hydrant, the firefighters will release a hydrant nozzle, attach their hose to the nozzle, and then twist a valve to get pressurized water.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even outside of firefighting, fire hydrants are fascinating things. In this guide, we\u2019ll tell you everything you need to know about fire hydrants, including what they are, the types of hydrants, how they work, what their colors mean, and whether they count as public property.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6609156a6aa23\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6609156a6aa23\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-hydrant\/#Types_of_Fire_Hydrants\" title=\"Types of Fire Hydrants&nbsp;\">Types of Fire Hydrants&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-hydrant\/#How_Does_a_Fire_Hydrant_Work\" title=\"How Does a Fire Hydrant Work?\">How Does a Fire Hydrant Work?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-hydrant\/#What_Do_Fire_Hydrant_Colors_Represent\" title=\"What Do Fire Hydrant Colors Represent?\">What Do Fire Hydrant Colors Represent?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-hydrant\/#What_Is_the_Max_Flow_Rate_and_PSI_of_Fire_Hydrants\" title=\"What Is the Max Flow Rate and PSI of Fire Hydrants?\">What Is the Max Flow Rate and PSI of Fire Hydrants?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-hydrant\/#Are_Fire_Hydrants_Considered_Public_or_Private_Property\" title=\"Are Fire Hydrants Considered Public or Private Property?\">Are Fire Hydrants Considered Public or Private Property?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-hydrant\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion&nbsp;\">Conclusion&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Fire_Hydrants\"><\/span><strong>Types of Fire Hydrants&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Okay, so what exactly is a fire hydrant, anyway? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019ll talk in the next section about the underground components of a fire hydrant, but for now, this is all about the hydrant itself. A fire hydrant is typically made of ductile iron or cast iron for durability. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The hydrant will feature bronze or waterworks brass for the nozzles, drain valve area, and the main valve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"622\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fire-846332_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-502977\" srcset=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fire-846332_1920.jpg 622w, https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fire-846332_1920-202x300.jpg 202w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Used all over the world, fire hydrants are installed near a water main (usually within 24 inches). They\u2019re almost always by a pavement edge or a curb due to the water main location. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The average height of a fire hydrant is three feet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Having existed since the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century as an above-ground feature, fire hydrants are shaped like pillars. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They tend to have rounded, triangular tops with protruding valves on the sides. Here are the parts of a fire hydrant:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Valves: <\/strong>The valves are one of the most distinct components of a fire hydrant, as mentioned in the paragraph above. These valves are often closed by default but can be opened by a <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/51-firefighter-interview-questions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">firefighter<\/a> when needed.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Stem nut: <\/strong>To use any of the valves included with a fire hydrant, the stem nut comes into play. This pentagon-shaped nut allows for access to the fire hydrant\u2019s operating stem, which opens the valves.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Outlets: <\/strong>All fire hydrants have outlets, but how many and their sizes vary based on the type of hydrant. The outlets may include a pumper outlet for the firefighters to attach to their pumper trucks.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Flange: <\/strong>The flange is an attachment point for the fire hydrant and is located at the hydrant\u2019s base.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Bonnet: <\/strong>The fire hydrant\u2019s cap is known as its bonnet. Within the bonnet is the operating stem nut. The bonnet is for more than just looks, by the way, but also for preventing water penetration and other damage from shortening the lifespan of the fire hydrant.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Even though all fire hydrants have these parts, there are still two distinct types of hydrants. The first is a wet barrel fire hydrant. You\u2019ll see these more in Florida and southern California than the rest of the United States due to the warm weather there.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wet barrel fire hydrants always have water in them without the need to set the valves to an open position. The operating stems are nearer to outlets, and there tends to be more of these stems per fire hydrant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The other and much more prevalent type of hydrant is the dry barrel hydrant. The name tells you that these fire hydrants start out empty so the water doesn\u2019t freeze when it\u2019s not in use.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Does_a_Fire_Hydrant_Work\"><\/span><strong>How Does a Fire Hydrant Work?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Okay, so those are the basics on fire hydrants, but as we said, the hydrant is one part of a larger system. You only see the fire hydrant, so it\u2019s easy to forget all of what\u2019s underground, but there\u2019s plenty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fire hydrant connects to a travel drain basin, which holds the water runoff as it accumulates. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The basin is a long, vertical-running tube that connects to the thrust block. This small section of pipe regulates the internal water pressure so the fittings and pipes don\u2019t separate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The thrust bock also provides stability to the surrounding soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The thrust block is usually reinforced with concrete supports on either side. It connects next to a joint-restraining gland, a type of restrained joint system that also prevents joint separation from occurring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pipework, which was vertical to this point, now begins running horizontally at the gate valve. The gate valve can connect to a firefighter\u2019s supply line so they can separate the hoseline. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This comes in handy if the fire hydrant valve happens to get stuck in an on position, which can occur at times.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The gate valve is connected to two parts. Atop the gate valve and protruding vertically up to the finished-grade concrete or asphalt is the valve box lid. This is the cover for the valve box, the second of the two components. The valve box encloses the irrigation system\u2019s parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, the gate valve connects to the local supply main, which is the neighborhood\u2019s source of water.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The valves of a dry barrel fire hydrant can be set in one of two positions: closed or open. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When closed, the valve prevents the water from moving. The fire hydrant\u2019s drain holes also open when the valves are closed so the hydrant barrel remains empty and its contents don\u2019t freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When set to open, a dry barrel fire hydrant\u2019s drain holes are plugged due to the bottom valve. This allows water to fill up the hydrant so the firefighting team can use it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To access a fire hydrant\u2019s valve covers, the firefighters will use what\u2019s known as a hydrant wrench. With the covers off, the <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/how-much-does-fire-hose-weigh-hint-its-heavy\/\">fire department connects their hoses<\/a> to the fire hydrant valves. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The water then leaves the fire hydrant, passing through the firefighter\u2019s hoses, and undergoes pressurization to spray at a strong enough rate to contain a fire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Do_Fire_Hydrant_Colors_Represent\"><\/span><strong>What Do Fire Hydrant Colors Represent?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If there\u2019s one color associated with firefighting, it\u2019s red. That\u2019s why you sometimes hear of bright, ruby red hues being described as <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/what-is-a-firefighter-engineer\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/what-is-a-firefighter-engineer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fire engine<\/a> red. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fire hydrants are usually red as well, or are they? Well, not always.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The other color of fire hydrants is yellow. The reason fire hydrants are painted either red or yellow is that these are bright, eye-catching colors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firefighters need to be able to spot a fire hydrant so they can quickly connect to it and get its water. It\u2019s hard to miss a yellow or red hydrant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"924\" height=\"616\" src=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fire-hydrant-947324_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-502978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fire-hydrant-947324_1920.jpg 924w, https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fire-hydrant-947324_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/fire-hydrant-947324_1920-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fire hydrants aren\u2019t always one color, by the way. Some have a separate hue for the bonnets. This isn\u2019t for appeal, but rather, the color of the bonnet quickly tells a firefighter how much water the fire hydrant can hold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It may vary from place to place, but if the fire hydrant has a red bonnet, then it\u2019s a Class C that contains 500 gallons per minute or GPM of water or less. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An orange bonnet is a Class B with at least 1,000 GPM of water. If you see a green bonnet on a fire hydrant, that\u2019s a Class A that contains 1,500 GPM of water. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most plentiful fire hydrants are those with light blue bonnets. These are Class AA and within them is more than 1,500 GPM of water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_Max_Flow_Rate_and_PSI_of_Fire_Hydrants\"><\/span><strong>What Is the Max Flow Rate and PSI of Fire Hydrants?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The max flow rate as represented in GPM and the top pressure per square inch or PSI of a fire hydrant depends on its hoseline size. Hoselines can be medium-diameter or large-diameter.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The medium-diameter hoseline is about two and a half inches on average, and two hoselines will be used at a time. This setup provides 26 gallons of water for every 100 feet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By increasing the medium-diameter hoseline to three-inch hoses (again, two of them) you may have a more effective setup. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Already, for every 100 feet, you get more water at 36 gallons. The water pressure is less though due to friction loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A large-diameter hoseline is regarded as the best option, as the hose allows for more water to travel and cuts down even further on friction loss. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Five-inch hoseline is common, and for every 100 feet, the hose provides 100 gallons of water. That\u2019s 64 more gallons than what you get with the dual three-inch medium-diameter supply lines and 74 more gallons than with dual two-and-a-half-inch medium-diameter supply lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_Fire_Hydrants_Considered_Public_or_Private_Property\"><\/span><strong>Are Fire Hydrants Considered Public or Private Property?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Who owns a fire hydrant? Is it the <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/fire-department-ranks-and-structure-a-complete-guide\/\">fire department<\/a>? The town or city? Some private owner? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That depends on the location of the hydrant. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anytime a fire hydrant is on public property, it\u2019s considered publicly owned by the city or town in which it\u2019s located.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s up to the city or town to inspect the condition of the fire hydrant (or hire a professional to do so), test the hydrant, and maintain it so it\u2019s useful to firefighters for as long as possible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, not every fire hydrant you see is necessarily public property. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If a hydrant is on a private lot such as someone\u2019s home, then it\u2019s considered private property. The International Fire Code or IFC has rules on how much water a private fire hydrant can contain.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some private fire hydrants have the same bonnet colors per water flow rate as public hydrants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The onus on inspecting and maintaining the fire hydrant is that of the property owner since it\u2019s their hydrant. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Every year, they should thoroughly inspect the fire hydrant, especially the areas of exposed valves and piping. They also have to inspect the surrounding underground piping.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The testing component includes trying the underground pipes at least once every five years if not more often. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fire hydrant owner must also test for the drainage capabilities of wall or dry barrel fire hydrants as well as the flow of the hydrant once a year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenance encompasses clearing ice and snow from the fire hydrant as these accumulate. The hydrant owner has to prevent mechanical and other damage to the fire hydrant as well. If any threads, plugs, caps, and\/or stems are dried out, the hydrant owner must lubricate these.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s a lot of responsibility owning a fire hydrant, but some people do indeed decide it\u2019s within their best interest to have their own hydrant. You\u2019re much more likely to come across public fire hydrants though.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A fire hydrant might look like a simple apparatus, but it\u2019s connected to a series of underground pipes, including your city or town\u2019s main water supply line. The hydrant can fill up with water to provide a pressurized water stream to the fire department so they can <a href=\"https:\/\/firefighternow.com\/how-much-does-fire-hose-weigh-hint-its-heavy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quickly put out fires.<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that you\u2019re much more well-versed in fire hydrants, you can enjoy a greater appreciation for them and their life-saving capabilities!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>abc affiliate<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fire hydrants provide an instant water supply to firefighters, as underground, the hydrant is connected to a series of pipes. These pipes lead to the water supply main. To use the fire hydrant, the firefighters will release a hydrant nozzle, attach their hose to the nozzle, and then twist a valve to get pressurized water.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Comprehensive Guide to Fire Hydrants | FireFighterNow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fire hydrants provide an instant water supply to firefighters, as underground, the hydrant is connected to a series of pipes. These pipes lead to the water supply main. 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